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Ergothioneine for Oxidative Stress

Verdict: Insufficient Evidence

Across 6 PubMed studies, the evidence for Ergothioneine in Oxidative Stress grades Tier U — unverified / insufficient. Research is still too limited to draw a firm conclusion.

U ⚫ U Unverified Insufficient Evidence

🔬Why this grade7-layer evidence engine

⚖️

Scoring transparency

All scores computed by a 7-layer evidence engine — fully auditable
Raw score 0.47
D
C
B
A
S
← counter-evidence / ineffectiveeffective / strong evidence →
Final grade
U · Insufficient Evidence
Confidence
62%
Broadly consistent
Evidence level
E10
Mechanism / case reports / no human evidence

How strongly each layer supports this effect

lower = less supportive
L2 PubMedPrimary literature
0.40
L1 ExamineGlobal benchmark
0.50
L3 MechanismPlausibility
0.50
L5 Clinical bodiesAuthoritative stance
0.50
L11 AI re-checkIndependent read
0.50
Against Mixed Supports
▸View the full decision path (audit trail)
  1. compute_raw_score — 加權公式: L2×0.30 + L3×0.25 + L5×0.25 + L11×0.10 + L1×0.10 = 0.47
  2. tier_from_score — 依分數區間映射至 tier letter
  3. apply_hec_rules — 僅有 E10 級證據 (cohort/animal/mechanism)，不足以下結論
  4. tier_strict_requirement_check — C 級條件未達 (需 E1-E8；實際 E10 僅機轉)
  5. detect_disputes — 偵測到 0 個 hard + 0 個 soft dispute
  6. decide_status — 依 tier + dispute 結果決定 status

📄PubMed studies (6)L2 · primary research & systematic reviews

Administration of Pure Ergothioneine to Healthy Human Subjects: Uptake, Metabolism, and Effects on Biomarkers of Oxidative Damage and Inflammation
PMID: 27488221 2017 Human trial (open-label PK / biomarker)
Finding: 口服麥角硫因被快速吸收且高度滯留於體內；觀察到尿酸氧化（allantoin）、DNA 損傷（8-OHdG）、脂質過氧化（8-iso-PGF2α）、蛋白質羰基化與 CRP 等氧化／發炎標記呈下降『趨勢』，但多數變化未達統計顯著。為人體吸收/代謝先導研究，非以氧化壓力臨床終點為主要結果之對照試驗。
🟠 Limited quality Academic Effect size: 氧化／發炎標記下降趨勢，多數 non-significant
View on PubMed
Ergothioneine Mitigates Telomere Shortening under Oxidative Stress Conditions
PMID: 33287595 2022 In vitro
Finding: 細胞培養研究（非人體）：氧化壓力條件下，麥角硫因處理組之中位端粒長度與第 20 百分位端粒長度顯著較長，短端粒比例降低。支持麥角硫因在『細胞層級』具抗氧化保護端粒之作用，但屬 in vitro 證據，不可外推為人體臨床效益。
🟠 Limited quality ⚠️ Industry-funded Effect size: 端粒長度顯著保留（in vitro）
View on PubMed
Ergothioneine as a Natural Antioxidant Against Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases
PMID: 35370675 2022 Review
Finding: 回顧（Front Pharmacol）：麥角硫因具強抗氧化活性，且高度蓄積於易受氧化損傷之組織；整理其與糖尿病、心血管、肝病、神經退化等氧化壓力相關疾病之關聯，並呼籲進一步臨床研究。為機轉與關聯之回顧，非臨床效益證據。
Academic Effect size: N/A（回顧）
View on PubMed
The biology of ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical
PMID: 32051057 2020 Review
Finding: 回顧（Nutr Res Rev）：人體無法自行合成麥角硫因，須由飲食攝取；經高度專一之轉運子 SLC22A4（OCTN1）攝入並蓄積於易受氧化壓力之細胞（如紅血球）；菇類或麥角硫因攝取似可提供顯著之氧化壓力防護；慢性發炎疾病中濃度降低。監管機構認定其安全。為生物學機轉回顧。
Academic Effect size: N/A（回顧）
View on PubMed
Ergothioneine, an adaptive antioxidant for the protection of injured tissues? A hypothesis
PMID: 26772879 2016 Review
Finding: 假設性回顧（Halliwell, BBRC）：受損組織（肝、心、關節、腸）中麥角硫因濃度升高，作者假設此為身體主動經轉運子蓄積外源性抗氧化劑以減少氧化損傷之『適應性反應』；明文承認生理角色尚未完全釐清。為機轉假設，非臨床效益。
Academic Effect size: N/A（假設性回顧）
View on PubMed
Ergothioneine controls mitochondrial function and exercise performance via direct activation of MPST
PMID: 39965563 2025 Animal / mechanistic
Finding: 小鼠機轉研究（Cell Metab）：運動訓練時麥角硫因蓄積於肌肉粒線體；經蛋白質熱穩定分析鑑定其直接分子標靶為 3-巰基丙酮酸硫轉移酶（MPST），結合並活化 MPST 進而提升粒線體呼吸與運動表現。揭示 EGT–MPST 軸為調控粒線體功能之機轉，但為動物與分子層級，非人體氧化壓力臨床終點。
Academic Effect size: N/A（動物機轉）
View on PubMed

🏛️Regulatory & authoritative positionsL4/L5 · FDA / EMA / NIH ODS / Cochrane / Mayo …

L4a US FDA
Cautious
FDA GRAS Notice Inventory portal (search-only); direct WebFetch of inventory returned HTTP 404 — substance-level GRN entry not retrievable verbatim source↗
L4b EU EFSA
Neutral
Safety of synthetic L-ergothioneine (Ergoneine) as a novel food (EFSA NDA Panel Scientific Opinion, DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4629) source↗
L4d TW TFDA / 衛福部
Cautious
麥角硫因（Ergothioneine）為菇蕈類等天然食材中所含之含硫胺基酸成分 source↗
✓PMID 100% verifiedevery citation checked via NCBI Entrez
🔬6 PubMed studiesindependently re-checked by multiple sub-agents
engine_version: v1.0 claim_id: CLM-COND-oxidative-stress-INT-ergothioneine-001 繁體中文版 →