AI evidence summary · MVP

Black Cohosh for Menopause

AI preliminary evidence assessment

C

C 級|AI 整體初步評級

This preliminary assessment is currently available in Traditional Chinese.

Exact question對有更年期相關症狀的圍更年期或停經後成人女性,單方口服黑升麻製劑相較安慰劑或一般照護,是否改善熱潮紅、夜間盜汗、整體更年期症狀或生活品質,並有哪些不良反應(包括肝損傷)?

已驗證評讀顯示研究結果方向不一致。主要限制包括:不同製劑不可互相外推:BNO 1055、異丙醇 iCR、乙醇 Cr99、Ze450 與成分不清製劑須分層解讀;療效方向不一致:部分 iCR、Ze450 與伊朗短期試驗呈正向結果,但大型或較長期試驗、Cr99 全體意向治療分析(ITT)、焦慮試驗及泰國試驗為無效或部分偏向安慰劑。

Why this assessment was given

  • BNO 1055 在降低更年期症狀方面優於安慰劑,並被描述為與結合型雌激素相當;摘要未提供效應量。

Research results

Findings are currently provided in Traditional Chinese; source excerpts retain their original language.

Main result 1

3個月

BNO 1055 在降低更年期症狀方面優於安慰劑,並被描述為與結合型雌激素相當;摘要未提供效應量。

Applicability assessment: 研究納入停經後女性,並比較黑升麻製劑與匹配安慰劑。

Population
停經後女性
Intervention
CR BNO 1055,每日劑量相當於40 mg生藥
Comparator
匹配安慰劑;另有結合型雌激素組
Outcome
更年期症狀
Follow-up
3個月
Formulation
Not established
Dose
CR BNO 1055,每日劑量相當於40 mg生藥
Source excerpt: CR BNO 1055 proved to be equipotent to CE and superior to placebo in reducing climacteric complaints.
View source

Main result 2

12週

整體 MRS 變化及熱潮紅分量表偏向異丙醇萃取物,早期更年期女性效果較大;不良事件、實驗室檢查與耐受性無重要組間差異。

Applicability assessment: 研究以有更年期症狀者比較異丙醇黑升麻萃取物與匹配安慰劑。

Population
有更年期症狀的女性
Intervention
異丙醇黑升麻萃取物,每日相當於40 mg生藥
Comparator
匹配安慰劑
Outcome
更年期症狀及熱潮紅分量表
Follow-up
12週
Formulation
Not established
Dose
異丙醇黑升麻萃取物,每日相當於40 mg生藥

No additional short excerpt is shown for this finding. See the linked source to check the result.

View source

Main result 3

12週

主要 ITT 分析未顯示優於安慰劑;KI≥20 次群組的 KI、熱潮紅加權分數及 MRS 則偏向 Cr99,屬分開的次群組結果。

Applicability assessment: 研究納入有熱潮紅的更年期女性,比較黑升麻萃取物與安慰劑。

Population
每日有至少3次熱潮紅的更年期女性
Intervention
Cr 99 黑升麻根萃取物
Comparator
安慰劑
Outcome
熱潮紅及更年期症狀
Follow-up
12週
Formulation
Not established
Dose
Cr99 乾燥乙醇黑升麻根萃取物;摘要未報劑量
Source excerpt: The primary efficacy analysis showed no superiority of the tested black cohosh extract compared to placebo.
View source

Main result 4

1年

單方黑升麻在3、6、12個月及全追蹤平均的症狀頻率、強度與Wiklund分量表均未優於安慰劑;複方及荷爾蒙臂不作單方支持。

Applicability assessment: 研究包含可與安慰劑比較的單方黑升麻組;另設複方組。

Population
45至55歲、每日至少有2次血管舒縮症狀的女性
Intervention
單方黑升麻每日160 mg
Comparator
安慰劑
Outcome
血管舒縮症狀的每日次數、強度及 Wiklund 分量表
Follow-up
1年
Formulation
Not established
Dose
單方黑升麻160 mg每日;製劑未明

No additional short excerpt is shown for this finding. See the linked source to check the result.

View source

Main result 5

12個月

12個月血管舒縮症狀減少幅度為黑升麻34%、安慰劑63%,黑升麻未顯著優於安慰劑;其他更年期症狀一般亦未改善。

Applicability assessment: 研究設有單方黑升麻與安慰劑組,評估熱潮紅及夜間盜汗。

Population
有更年期血管舒縮症狀者
Intervention
標準化黑升麻萃取物
Comparator
安慰劑;另有紅三葉草與荷爾蒙治療組
Outcome
血管舒縮症狀,包括熱潮紅與夜間盜汗
Follow-up
12個月
Formulation
Not established
Dose
標準化黑升麻萃取物;摘要未報劑量

No additional short excerpt is shown for this finding. See the linked source to check the result.

View source

Main result 6

最多12週

主要焦慮結果與50%反應率均無顯著組間差異;GCS總分反而顯著偏向安慰劑,GCS分量表及PGWBI無差異。

Applicability assessment: 安慰劑對照研究納入因更年期而有焦慮症的女性,並評估焦慮及更年期相關量表。

Population
因更年期而有焦慮症的受試者
Intervention
藥品級黑升麻萃取物
Comparator
安慰劑
Outcome
焦慮症狀
Follow-up
最多12週
Formulation
Not established
Dose
藥品級黑升麻萃取物;摘要未報劑量

No additional short excerpt is shown for this finding. See the linked source to check the result.

View source

Main result 7

12週

兩種 Ze450 劑量均較安慰劑降低 Kupperman 指數,13 mg效果較大;生活品質及反應率方向一致。兩劑量為同一三臂試驗,不算兩個獨立群體。

Applicability assessment: 研究納入有更年期症狀的女性,並比較 Ze 450 的兩種劑量與安慰劑。

Population
有更年期症狀的女性門診病人
Intervention
黑升麻萃取物 Ze 450,每日6.5 mg或13.0 mg
Comparator
安慰劑
Outcome
更年期症狀嚴重度
Follow-up
12週
Formulation
Not established
Dose
Ze450 6.5 mg每日或13.0 mg每日

No additional short excerpt is shown for this finding. See the linked source to check the result.

View source

Main result 8

8週

第4與第8週GCS總分及各分量表均較安慰劑改善,第8週總分調整後平均差為-12.9;與另一伊朗n=84報告可能重疊。

Applicability assessment: 研究納入早期停經後女性,並比較黑升麻乾燥根萃取物與安慰劑。

Population
Greene 更年期量表分數為15至42的早期停經後女性
Intervention
黑升麻根乾燥萃取物,每日6.5 mg
Comparator
安慰劑
Outcome
Greene 更年期量表總分
Follow-up
8週
Formulation
Not established
Dose
乾燥黑升麻根萃取物6.5 mg每日

No additional short excerpt is shown for this finding. See the linked source to check the result.

View source

Main result 9

KI、熱潮紅頻率、MENQOL與整體滿意度雖隨時間改善,但改善幅度均未顯著不同於安慰劑。

Applicability assessment: 研究納入有中度至重度更年期症狀的圍停經期或停經後泰國女性,並比較黑升麻與安慰劑。

Population
有中度至重度更年期症狀的圍停經期或停經後泰國女性
Intervention
黑升麻萃取物每日40 mg
Comparator
安慰劑
Outcome
更年期症狀、熱潮紅頻率與生活品質
Follow-up
Not established
Formulation
Not established
Dose
黑升麻萃取物40 mg每日;萃取法未明

No additional short excerpt is shown for this finding. See the linked source to check the result.

View source

Main result 10

8週

第4與第8週熱潮紅嚴重度及次數的組間比較顯著;摘要未提供效應量。此報告可能與另一伊朗n=84研究重疊。

Applicability assessment: 研究在停經後女性中比較每日一錠黑升麻與安慰劑,評估血管舒縮症狀。

Population
停經後女性
Intervention
每日一錠黑升麻;摘要未報劑量
Comparator
每日一錠安慰劑
Outcome
血管舒縮症狀嚴重度及熱潮紅次數
Follow-up
8週
Formulation
Not established
Dose
每日一錠黑升麻;劑量與製劑不明

No additional short excerpt is shown for this finding. See the linked source to check the result.

View source

Main result 11

6個月

黑升麻改善客觀睡眠效率、入睡後清醒時間及MENQOL的血管舒縮與身體領域;PSQI僅呈改善趨勢。

Applicability assessment: 研究納入有睡眠困擾的早期停經後女性,並比較黑升麻與安慰劑;研究亦測量更年期生活品質。

Population
有睡眠困擾的45至60歲停經後女性
Intervention
每日服用黑升麻;摘要未報劑量
Comparator
安慰劑
Outcome
客觀睡眠指標及主觀睡眠品質
Follow-up
6個月
Formulation
Not established
Dose
每日黑升麻;製劑與劑量不明

No additional short excerpt is shown for this finding. See the linked source to check the result.

View source

Main result 12

3個月追蹤

iCR病例組相較未治療控制組,在1個月與3個月的所有更年期症狀變化均較佳,尤以血管舒縮症狀、睡眠與易怒改善較大。

Applicability assessment: 前瞻性觀察研究比較接受異丙醇黑升麻萃取物與未接受治療的更年期女性。

Population
更年期女性
Intervention
異丙醇黑升麻萃取物 iCR
Comparator
未接受治療的對照組
Outcome
整體更年期症狀
Follow-up
3個月追蹤
Formulation
Not established
Dose
異丙醇黑升麻萃取物iCR;摘要未報劑量

No additional short excerpt is shown for this finding. See the linked source to check the result.

View source

Safety finding 13

12週

12週內未見相關組間安全差異;摘要未提供事件數,不能排除罕見或長期傷害。

Applicability assessment: 同一安慰劑對照試驗記載不良事件、實驗室檢查及耐受性。

Population
有更年期症狀的女性
Intervention
異丙醇黑升麻萃取物,每日相當於40 mg生藥
Comparator
匹配安慰劑
Outcome
不良事件、實驗室檢查及耐受性
Follow-up
12週
Formulation
Not established
Dose
異丙醇黑升麻萃取物,每日相當於40 mg生藥
Source excerpt: There were no relevant group differences in adverse events, laboratory findings, or tolerability.
View source

Safety finding 14

12週

不良事件盛行率與強度無組間差異,但摘要未提供事件數或肝臟特定結果。

Applicability assessment: 同一黑升麻與安慰劑試驗記載不良事件的盛行率與強度。

Population
每日有至少3次熱潮紅的更年期女性
Intervention
Cr 99 黑升麻根萃取物
Comparator
安慰劑
Outcome
不良事件的盛行率與強度
Follow-up
12週
Formulation
Not established
Dose
Cr99 乾燥乙醇黑升麻根萃取物;摘要未報劑量

No additional short excerpt is shown for this finding. See the linked source to check the result.

View source

Safety finding 15

12個月

摘要稱12個月給藥期間安全監測未顯示問題,但未提供事件數、肝功能數值或罕見傷害能力。

Applicability assessment: 同一黑升麻與安慰劑試驗將安全性列為次要評估項目。

Population
有更年期血管舒縮症狀者
Intervention
標準化黑升麻萃取物
Comparator
安慰劑
Outcome
安全性
Follow-up
12個月
Formulation
Not established
Dose
標準化黑升麻萃取物;摘要未報劑量
Source excerpt: Secondary measures indicated that both botanicals were safe as administered.
View source

Safety finding 16

最多12週

黑升麻組1人(3.6%)因不良事件停藥;摘要未交代事件性質或安慰劑組相應停藥數。

Applicability assessment: 同一更年期相關焦慮症試驗記載黑升麻組因不良事件停藥的情形。

Population
因更年期而有焦慮症的受試者
Intervention
藥品級黑升麻萃取物
Comparator
安慰劑
Outcome
因不良事件停藥
Follow-up
最多12週
Formulation
Not established
Dose
藥品級黑升麻萃取物;摘要未報劑量
Source excerpt: One subject (3.6%) taking black cohosh discontinued treatment because of adverse events.
View source

Additional finding 17

作者總結,加用黑升麻未增強運動計畫的正向效果。

Applicability assessment: 研究在運動計畫之外比較加用與未加用黑升麻,但主要終點是骨密度及冠心病風險,更年期症狀僅列為次要終點。

Population
早期停經後女性
Intervention
運動計畫加用每日40 mg黑升麻
Comparator
相同運動計畫但未加用黑升麻
Outcome
骨密度、冠心病風險及次要終點更年期症狀
Follow-up
Not established
Formulation
Not established
Dose
Not established
Source excerpt: Adjuvant supplementation of CR did not enhance these positive effects.
View source

Safety finding 18

12週

12週不良事件與臨床實驗室檢查未引發安全疑慮,但無事件數,不能推論長期或罕見傷害。

Applicability assessment: 同一安慰劑對照試驗記載不良事件與臨床實驗室檢查。

Population
有更年期症狀的女性門診病人
Intervention
黑升麻萃取物 Ze 450,每日6.5 mg或13.0 mg
Comparator
安慰劑
Outcome
不良事件與臨床實驗室檢查
Follow-up
12週
Formulation
Not established
Dose
Ze450 6.5 mg每日或13.0 mg每日
Source excerpt: Reported adverse events and clinical laboratory testing did not raise safety concerns.
View source

Safety finding 19

8週

八週內未報告副作用;樣本小、追蹤短,不能排除罕見或較晚發生的傷害。

Applicability assessment: 同一黑升麻與安慰劑試驗記載副作用。

Population
Greene 更年期量表分數為15至42的早期停經後女性
Intervention
黑升麻根乾燥萃取物,每日6.5 mg
Comparator
安慰劑
Outcome
副作用
Follow-up
8週
Formulation
Not established
Dose
乾燥黑升麻根萃取物6.5 mg每日
Source excerpt: No side effects were reported.
View source

Safety finding 20

研究期間未見嚴重不良事件或顯著肝功能檢驗變化;摘要未明確給出療程長度,不可推論長期肝臟安全。

Applicability assessment: 同一黑升麻與安慰劑試驗記載嚴重不良事件及肝功能檢查。

Population
有中度至重度更年期症狀的圍停經期或停經後泰國女性
Intervention
黑升麻萃取物每日40 mg
Comparator
安慰劑
Outcome
嚴重不良事件及肝功能檢查
Follow-up
Not established
Formulation
Not established
Dose
黑升麻萃取物40 mg每日;萃取法未明
Source excerpt: There was no serious adverse event or significant change in liver function tests.
View source

Safety finding 21

6個月

每三個月監測肝腎功能與影像,未有不良事件被歸因於黑升麻;僅42人完成,無法排除罕見傷害。

Applicability assessment: 同一黑升麻與安慰劑試驗以肝腎功能等項目監測安全性。

Population
有睡眠困擾的45至60歲停經後女性
Intervention
每日服用黑升麻;摘要未報劑量
Comparator
安慰劑
Outcome
被歸因於黑升麻的不良事件
Follow-up
6個月
Formulation
Not established
Dose
每日黑升麻;製劑與劑量不明
Source excerpt: Safety measures did not yield any adverse event assigned to black cohosh.
View source

Additional finding 22

8週

摘要描述8週後各組生活品質均改善,且加用黑升麻組的改善最明顯。

Applicability assessment: 研究對象是同時有動脈高血壓及更年期症候群的圍停經期女性,比較標準降血壓治療加用與未加用黑升麻。

Population
有動脈高血壓及更年期症候群的圍停經期女性
Intervention
標準降血壓治療加用黑升麻萃取物 BNO 1055
Comparator
僅接受標準降血壓治療的更年期症候群比較組
Outcome
血流動力學參數與生活品質
Follow-up
8週
Formulation
Not established
Dose
Not established

No additional short excerpt is shown for this finding. See the linked source to check the result.

View source

Sources consulted

  1. The Cimicifuga preparation BNO 1055 vs. conjugated estrogens in a double-blind placebo-controlled study: effects on menopause symptoms and bone markers. Abstract only · 2026-09-29T06:24:31.733444Z
  2. Efficacy and safety of isopropanolic black cohosh extract for climacteric symptoms. Abstract only · 2026-09-29T06:24:31.733444Z
  3. Cimicifuga racemosa dried ethanolic extract in menopausal disorders: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Abstract only · 2026-09-29T06:24:31.733444Z
  4. Treatment of vasomotor symptoms of menopause with black cohosh, multibotanicals, soy, hormone therapy, or placebo: a randomized trial. Abstract only · 2026-09-29T06:24:31.733444Z
  5. Safety and efficacy of black cohosh and red clover for the management of vasomotor symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Abstract only · 2026-09-29T06:24:31.733444Z
  6. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh) in women with anxiety disorder due to menopause. Abstract only · 2026-09-29T06:24:31.733444Z
  7. Effect of exercise and Cimicifuga racemosa (CR BNO 1055) on bone mineral density, 10-year coronary heart disease risk, and menopausal complaints: the randomized controlled Training and Cimicifuga racemosa Erlangen (TRACE) study. Context source; not counted as an included human-result report Abstract only · 2026-09-29T06:24:31.733444Z
  8. Dose-Dependent Effects of the Cimicifuga racemosa Extract Ze 450 in the Treatment of Climacteric Complaints: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Abstract only · 2026-09-29T06:24:31.733444Z
  9. Efficacy of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa L.) in treating early symptoms of menopause: a randomized clinical trial. Abstract only · 2026-09-29T06:24:31.733444Z
  10. Cimicifuga racemosa extract for relieving menopausal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Abstract only · 2026-09-29T06:24:31.733444Z
  11. Effect of black cohosh (cimicifuga racemosa) on vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial. Abstract only · 2026-09-29T06:24:31.733444Z
  12. Black cohosh improves objective sleep in postmenopausal women with sleep disturbance. Abstract only · 2026-09-29T06:24:31.733444Z
  13. Effects of cimicifuga racemosa on the hemodynamics parameters and quality of life in perimenopausal women with arterial hypertension. Context source; not counted as an included human-result report Abstract only · 2026-09-29T06:24:31.733444Z
  14. Cimicifuga racemosa isopropanolic extract for menopausal symptoms: an observational prospective case-control study. Abstract only · 2026-09-29T06:24:31.733444Z

Reading and assessment notes

Limitations affecting this assessment
  • 證據僅來自封存的PubMed摘要,無全文方法、分派隱藏、缺失資料處理、依從性、完整停藥原因及結果選擇性報告資訊。
  • 資金來源與利益衝突多未於摘要提供,無法判斷製造商影響。
  • 18筆無摘要紀錄仍未解,不能當作正向或陰性證據;搜尋與全文擷取並未完全解決所有證據缺口。
  • iCR、BNO 1055、Cr 99、Ze 450及其他未充分描述製劑的萃取法、劑量與成分不同,不宜互換或直接合併。
  • 伊朗兩篇各84人的報告(PMID 24499633、25276716)可能源自重疊隊列,未作兩個獨立主要證據單位計數。
  • 部分研究樣本小、追蹤短;PMID 19745648僅28人,估計不精確。觀察性iCR研究PMID 34477029非隨機、單中心且未治療對照,易受選擇、期待及混雜偏差影響。
  • 生活品質、夜間盜汗及長期安全資料不足;短期正常肝功能或常規實驗室結果無法排除罕見、延遲或產品汙染相關傷害。
  • 病例報告不能確立因果,且產品真偽、摻雜及共同用藥可能影響歸因;美國藥典(USP)審查將30件非重複肝損傷報告均判為可能因果,無一達很可能或確定。
  • PMID 24499633 與 25276716 各報告84人,隊列重疊未釐清,不得當作兩個獨立人群加總。
  • PMID 19609225 的89人四臂總數以同篇官方全文補充來源確認;原摘要括號語法有單臂歧義。
  • 封存研究群體(cohort)-summary原欄位10表示已辨識獨立隊列數;另有一組兩篇84人可能重疊的未解群,保守最低總隊列為11,計分只納入最低PMID代表一次,兩篇原結果仍完整列出。

This is an AI preliminary assessment, not expert review or formal GRADE. Read the method and common limitations.

Absence of reported harms does not establish safety. This summary does not provide individual treatment or dosing advice.

Data and assessment record

Search coverage for this case

對有更年期相關症狀的圍更年期或停經後成人女性,單方口服黑升麻製劑相較安慰劑或一般照護,是否改善熱潮紅、夜間盜汗、整體更年期症狀或生活品質,並有哪些不良反應(包括肝損傷)?

Searched:2026-09-29T06:24:31.733444Z · Databases:PubMed

355 records identified; 355 screened; 12 reports included, representing at least 11 study populations. Some relationships remain unresolved.

Some included reports were assessed without full text.

  • 部分候選文獻未取得全文,完整偏倚風險與次要結果評讀受限。
  • 系統檢索限於 PubMed;未涵蓋所有資料庫與完整引文追查。

Processing record

Evidence summary available

Sources through:2026-09-29 · Generated:2026-09-29T11:01:59.026169+00:00

Retrieved 355 records · Screened 355 · Included 12 reports · Omitted 343

Run:black-rating-candidate-v2

codex_cli / gpt-5.6-sol / problem-search-source-bound-l2+l11-v1

{
  "included": 12,
  "limits_hit": [
    "fulltext_unavailable",
    "limited_citation_tracing"
  ],
  "omitted": 343,
  "retrieved": 355,
  "screened": 355
}

sha256:a1a0374939b1448a8ee41ce578e9cb62fe0a7b7d63bb35a77f814711a2016a66