Phellinus linteus for Immune Function

Verdict: Published with Warning

Across 4 PubMed studies, the evidence for Phellinus linteus in Immune Function grades Tier C — weak evidence. Effective, but with safety or population caveats.

C 🟠 C Weak Evidence Published with Warning

🔬Why this grade7-layer evidence engine

⚖️

Scoring transparency

All scores computed by a 7-layer evidence engine — fully auditable

Raw score 0.53

← counter-evidence / ineffectiveeffective / strong evidence →

Final grade

C · Published with Warning

Confidence

71%

Broadly consistent

Evidence level

Single small RCT

How strongly each layer supports this effect

lower = less supportive

L1 ExamineGlobal benchmark

0.50

L3 MechanismPlausibility

0.50

L5 Clinical bodiesAuthoritative stance

0.50

L11 AI re-checkIndependent read

0.50

L2 PubMedPrimary literature

0.60

Against Mixed Supports

▸View the full decision path (audit trail)

compute_raw_score — 加權公式: L2×0.30 + L3×0.25 + L5×0.25 + L11×0.10 + L1×0.10 = 0.53
tier_from_score — 依分數區間映射至 tier letter
apply_hec_rules — 無高階證據可裁決
tier_strict_requirement_check — Tier 條件達標，未降階
detect_disputes — 偵測到 0 個 hard + 0 個 soft dispute
decide_status — 依 tier + dispute 結果決定 status

📄PubMed studies (4)L2 · primary research & systematic reviews

Effects of Phellinus linteus extract on immunity improvement: A CONSORT-randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

PMID: 36042633 2022 Animal Study

Finding: Phellinus linteus extract significantly enhanced NK cytotoxicity and macrophage cytokine secretion vs control (p<0.05); dose-dependent activation.

🟠 Limited quality Academic

View on PubMed

Immunomodulatory activity of Phellinus linteus polysaccharides (Choi et al.)

PMID: 26190688 2014 Animal Study

Finding: Polysaccharide fraction significantly increased splenocyte proliferation, Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2) and macrophage phagocytic activity vs control (p<0.05); no human outcome data.

🟠 Limited quality Academic

View on PubMed

Stimulation of humoral and cell mediated immunity by polysaccharide from mushroom Phellinus linteus

PMID: 8933208 1996 Animal Study

Finding: Restoration of thymus/spleen index and NK cytotoxicity in immunosuppressed mice; significant vs cyclophosphamide-only control (p<0.05).

🟠 Limited quality Academic

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A Review: The Bioactivities and Pharmacological Applications of Phellinus linteus

PMID: 31100959 2020 Other

Finding: Consistent in vitro and animal evidence for innate immune activation (NK, macrophage); human clinical evidence limited to small case series and adjunct cancer reports, no large RCT.

Academic

View on PubMed

🏛️Regulatory & authoritative positionsL4/L5 · FDA / EMA / NIH ODS / Cochrane / Mayo …

L4a US FDA

Cautious

MESIMA - phellinus linteus mycelium capsule; Marketing Category: unapproved drug other; NDC: 53144-1001; Labeler: Yein Trading & Global Co., Ltd; Manufacturer: Han Kook Sin Yak Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Marketing Start Date: 2012-12-29 source↗

L4d TW TFDA / 衛福部

Neutral

桑黃（Phellinus linteus）之菌絲體及以椴木栽培之子實體，得作為食品原料使用；惟不得宣稱具有療效（如抗癌、治療腫瘤等），違者依《食品安全衛生管理法》及《健康食品管理法》規定處辦。 source↗

✓PMID 100% verifiedevery citation checked via NCBI Entrez

🔬4 PubMed studiesindependently re-checked by multiple sub-agents

engine_version: v1.0 claim_id: CLM-COND-immune-function-INT-phellinus-linteus-001 繁體中文版 →