Legacy AI grade · Sources dated 2026-06-08. Not expert reviewed. Coverage is limited to the listed sources. About the new summary workflow

Paraxanthine for Endurance

Verdict: Insufficient Evidence

Across 4 PubMed studies, the evidence for Paraxanthine in Endurance grades Tier U — unverified / insufficient. Research is still too limited to draw a firm conclusion.

U ⚫ U Unverified Insufficient Evidence

🔬Why this grade7-layer evidence engine

⚖️

Scoring transparency

All scores computed by a 7-layer evidence engine — fully auditable

Raw score 0.41

← counter-evidence / ineffectiveeffective / strong evidence →

Final grade

U · Insufficient Evidence

Confidence

45%

Conflicting evidence

Evidence level

Single high-quality meta-analysis

How strongly each layer supports this effect

lower = less supportive

L11 AI re-checkIndependent read

0.20

L2 PubMedPrimary literature

0.40

L3 MechanismPlausibility

0.45

L1 ExamineGlobal benchmark

0.50

L5 Clinical bodiesAuthoritative stance

0.50

Against Mixed Supports

▸View the full decision path (audit trail)

compute_raw_score — 加權公式: L2×0.30 + L3×0.25 + L5×0.25 + L11×0.10 + L1×0.10 = 0.406
tier_from_score — 依分數區間映射至 tier letter
apply_hec_rules — 無高階證據可裁決
tier_strict_requirement_check — Tier 條件達標，未降階
detect_disputes — 偵測到 0 個 hard + 1 個 soft dispute
decide_status — 依 tier + dispute 結果決定 status

📄PubMed studies (4)L2 · primary research & systematic reviews

Paraxanthine provides greater improvement in cognitive function than caffeine after performing a 10-km run

PMID: 38725238 2024 RCT (double-blind) n = 12

Finding: No significant treatment effect on 10-km run time or any endurance/anaerobic capacity outcome (treatment x time p = 1.000, ηp² = 0.025); benefit was confined to post-run cognitive measures, not running performance

⚠️ Industry-funded Effect size: [object Object]

View on PubMed

Paraxanthine Supplementation Increases Muscle Mass, Strength, and Endurance in Mice

PMID: 35215543 2022 Journal article n = 40

Finding: Treadmill exercise performance +39% (p < 0.001), grip strength +17% (p < 0.001), soleus muscle mass +41% (p < 0.001) vs control — animal-only, not generalisable to humans

🟠 Limited quality ⚠️ Industry-funded Effect size: [object Object]

View on PubMed

A Dose-Response Study to Examine Paraxanthine's Impact on Energy Expenditure, Hunger, Appetite, and Lipolysis

PMID: 38745415 2024 RCT (double-blind) n = 21

Finding: PX 200 mg increased resting energy expenditure vs placebo (p < 0.05); endurance / exercise performance NOT assessed — mechanistic only, indirect for endurance

⚠️ Industry-funded

View on PubMed

Ergogenic effects of supplement combinations on endurance performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

PMID: 40619880 2025 系統性回顧 n = 16

Finding: Paraxanthine not evaluated in this 2025 endurance-supplement SR/MA — confirms absence of paraxanthine from current evidence-synthesis literature for endurance

View on PubMed

🏛️Regulatory & authoritative positionsL4/L5 · FDA / EMA / NIH ODS / Cochrane / Mayo …

L4b EU EFSA

Cautious

Paraxanthine is manufactured by chemical synthesis. As synthetic paraxanthine was not consumed to a significant degree in the EU before May 15, 1997, it is a novel food according to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The identity of synthetic paraxanthine (1,7-dimethyl-3H-purine-2,6-dione) has been analytically verified. source↗

✓PMID 100% verifiedevery citation checked via NCBI Entrez

🔬4 PubMed studiesindependently re-checked by multiple sub-agents

engine_version: v1.0 claim_id: CLM-COND-endurance-INT-paraxanthine-001 繁體中文版 →