AI evidence summary · MVP
B-Complex Vitamins (B1, B2, B3/Niacin, B5, B6, B7/Biotin, B9/Folate, B12) for Cognitive Function
AI preliminary evidence assessment
UU 級｜AI 整體初步評級
This preliminary assessment is currently available in Traditional Chinese.
Exact question對基線認知正常的成人，口服綜合維生素 B 群或 B6／B9／B12 組合相較安慰劑或相同背景照護，是否維持臨床認知功能或減少新發失智，並有哪些不良反應？MCI 與已確診失智症的治療結果另行判讀。
已驗證評讀偏向未顯示有利結果，但仍有重要不確定性。主要限制包括：直接證據僅來自兩個獨立隊列：健康但同半胱胺酸偏高的高齡成人，以及既往中風／TIA 且基線 MMSE≥24 的自選次分析樣本；VITATOPS 結果來自預設次要認知分析；僅計一次，且其血管事件後族群對一般認知正常成人的可推廣性有限。
Why this assessment was given
- 兩年內 B 群顯著降低同半胱胺酸，但各項認知測驗分數與安慰劑無顯著組間差異，未支持改善認知表現。
Limitations affecting this assessment
- 僅依密封的PubMed摘要判讀；完整風險偏差、資助、利益衝突、罕見傷害、停藥及退出資料未知。
- 直接證據僅有兩個獨立隊列：健康但同半胱胺酸偏高的老年人，以及既往中風／TIA且基線MMSE≥24者；後者對一般認知正常成人的可推廣性有限。
- PMID16332666與PMID19064521的基線認知狀態未能確認，屬合格來源受限資料，不能視為已證實不適用，也不作直接療效票。
- SU.FOL.OM3（PMID21593490）的2×2因子設計可分離B群主效應，但摘要未建立基線認知正常；PMID24938711的基線認知與隨機化亦未解。
- 25筆缺少或不足摘要的紀錄仍未解，不能當作陰性證據；篩選與全文取回尚不完整。
- 研究多以認知量表而非新發失智為終點，觀察期約2至3年；對長期失智預防的推論不足。
- 綜合B群、多種維生素／礦物質與特定B6／B9／B12組合不可互換；營養缺乏者與未篩選族群亦須分開判讀。
- MCI、已確診失智、腎病或移植等治療研究不屬主要預防族群；腦萎縮與同半胱胺酸改善不能替代臨床認知效益。
- 此背景讀者事實的必要欄位缺少足夠來源支持，因此未列為讀者研究結果，也未納入評級；同來源其他可驗證資訊仍分開保留。
Research results
Findings are currently provided in Traditional Chinese; source excerpts retain their original language.
Main result 1
2 年。兩年內 B 群顯著降低同半胱胺酸，但各項認知測驗分數與安慰劑無顯著組間差異，未支持改善認知表現。
Applicability assessment: 研究對象為 65 歲以上的健康參與者，並於基線及治療後測量認知。
- Population
- 65 歲以上、血漿同半胱胺酸至少 13 μmol/L 的健康參與者。
- Intervention
- 每日補充葉酸、維生素 B12 及維生素 B6。
- Comparator
- 安慰劑。
- Outcome
- 認知測驗分數。
- Follow-up
- 2 年。
- Formulation
- Not established
- Dose
- 每日葉酸1000 μg、維生素B12 500 μg及維生素B6 10 mg。
Source excerpt: Overall, there were no significant differences between the vitamin and placebo groups in the scores on tests of cognition.View source
Main result 2
追蹤中位數 2.8 年。在有追蹤 MMSE 的基線認知未受損者中，B 群相較安慰劑未降低新發認知障礙、認知下降或兩者複合結果；平均 MMSE 變化亦無差異。
Applicability assessment: 分析基線認知未受損、曾中風或發生暫時性腦缺血發作且有追蹤 MMSE 的參與者。
- Population
- 曾中風或發生暫時性腦缺血發作、基線 MMSE≥24 且有追蹤 MMSE 的參與者。
- Intervention
- 每日一錠葉酸、維生素 B6 及維生素 B12。
- Comparator
- 安慰劑。
- Outcome
- 新發認知障礙、認知下降及 MMSE 分數。
- Follow-up
- 追蹤中位數 2.8 年。
- Formulation
- Not established
- Dose
- 每日一錠：葉酸2 mg、維生素B6 25 mg、維生素B12 500 μg。
No additional short excerpt is shown for this finding. See the linked source to check the result.
View sourceAdditional finding 3
認知變化於 1 年後評估。葉酸與維生素 B12 降低同半胱胺酸後，所測認知表現未見顯著效果。
Applicability assessment: 研究納入有缺血性血管疾病的高齡患者，並測量認知變化。
- Population
- 65 歲以上、有缺血性血管疾病的患者。
- Intervention
- 葉酸與維生素 B12、維生素 B6 及核黃素的因子設計治療。
- Comparator
- 安慰劑對照。
- Outcome
- 認知變化。
- Follow-up
- 認知變化於 1 年後評估。
- Formulation
- Not established
- Dose
- Not established
No additional short excerpt is shown for this finding. See the linked source to check the result.
View sourceAdditional finding 4
認知測驗追蹤 5.4 年。整體認知分數的平均變化在 B 群與安慰劑組間未見差異。
Applicability assessment: 研究測量心血管疾病或其風險因子女性的認知變化。
- Population
- 有心血管疾病或冠心病風險因子的 65 歲以上女性認知子研究參與者。
- Intervention
- 每日補充葉酸、維生素 B6 與 B12 的組合。
- Comparator
- 安慰劑。
- Outcome
- 整體認知分數的變化。
- Follow-up
- 認知測驗追蹤 5.4 年。
- Formulation
- Not established
- Dose
- Not established
Source excerpt: Mean cognitive change from baseline did not differ between the B vitamin and placebo groupsView source
Additional finding 5
6 個月。摘要指出，抗氧化維生素與 B 群共同補充 6 個月後，認知表現未見效果。
Applicability assessment: 納入健康、居家生活的高齡女性，並測量認知表現。
- Population
- 60 至 91 歲、健康且居家生活的女性。
- Intervention
- 含抗氧化維生素與 B 群的綜合維生素補充品。
- Comparator
- 安慰劑。
- Outcome
- 認知表現。
- Follow-up
- 6 個月。
- Formulation
- Not established
- Dose
- Not established
No additional short excerpt is shown for this finding. See the linked source to check the result.
View sourceAdditional finding 6
12 個月。摘要未顯示每日綜合維生素與礦物質補充對所測認知領域有益。
Applicability assessment: 納入社區居住的 65 歲以上成人，評估認知功能。
- Population
- 社區居住、65 歲以上的男性與女性。
- Intervention
- 每日一錠含 11 種維生素及 5 種礦物質的補充品。
- Comparator
- 相同外觀的安慰劑錠。
- Outcome
- 順背數字廣度與語詞流暢度測驗。
- Follow-up
- 12 個月。
- Formulation
- Not established
- Dose
- Not established
No additional short excerpt is shown for this finding. See the linked source to check the result.
View sourceAdditional finding 7
3 年。事後分析中，葉酸對整體認知的治療效果在基線 ω-3 較低組較高組大。
Applicability assessment: 在較高同半胱胺酸的成人中測量認知功能，並按基線 ω-3 脂肪酸狀態分析。
- Population
- 50 至 70 歲、同半胱胺酸較高且維生素 B12 達指定門檻的成人。
- Intervention
- 每日葉酸 800 µg。
- Comparator
- 安慰劑。
- Outcome
- 整體認知及特定認知領域功能。
- Follow-up
- 3 年。
- Formulation
- Not established
- Dose
- Not established
Source excerpt: The treatment effect of folic acid was significantly larger in participants in the low compared to high ω-3 fatty acid tertile for global cognitionView source
Additional finding 8
2 年。事後分析顯示，高 DHA 組相對中 DHA 組的整體認知治療效果較大；合併 ω-3 或 EPA 分組則未見顯著交互作用。
Applicability assessment: 分析 65 歲以上成人的認知功能，並按基線 ω-3 脂肪酸濃度分組。
- Population
- 65 歲以上、基線同半胱胺酸至少 12 μmol/L 的成人。
- Intervention
- 每日葉酸 400 µg 與維生素 B12 500 µg。
- Comparator
- 安慰劑。
- Outcome
- 整體及特定認知領域功能。
- Follow-up
- 2 年。
- Formulation
- Not established
- Dose
- Not established
No additional short excerpt is shown for this finding. See the linked source to check the result.
View sourceAdditional finding 9
綜述指出，B 群補充對整體認知功能可能幾乎沒有影響；不良反應及新發認知障礙或失智的資料稀少。
Applicability assessment: 回顧認知健康的中高齡成人接受口服維生素或礦物質補充的試驗。
- Population
- 認知健康的中高齡成人。
- Intervention
- 葉酸、維生素 B12、維生素 B6 或其組合。
- Comparator
- 安慰劑。
- Outcome
- 整體認知功能、認知障礙或失智發生率及不良反應。
- Follow-up
- Not established
- Formulation
- Not established
- Dose
- Not established
No additional short excerpt is shown for this finding. See the linked source to check the result.
View sourceSources consulted
- Cognitive performance in relation to vitamin status in healthy elderly German women-the effect of 6-month multivitamin supplementation. Context source; not counted as an included human-result report Abstract only · 2026-09-29T13:32:59.613373Z
- Randomized controlled trial of homocysteine-lowering vitamin treatment in elderly patients with vascular disease. Context source; not counted as an included human-result report Abstract only · 2026-09-29T13:32:59.613373Z
- A controlled trial of homocysteine lowering and cognitive performance. Abstract only · 2026-09-29T13:32:59.613373Z
- Effect of multivitamin and multimineral supplementation on cognitive function in men and women aged 65 years and over: a randomised controlled trial. Context source; not counted as an included human-result report Abstract only · 2026-09-29T13:32:59.613373Z
- A trial of B vitamins and cognitive function among women at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Context source; not counted as an included human-result report Abstract only · 2026-09-29T13:32:59.613373Z
- Effect of B vitamins and lowering homocysteine on cognitive impairment in patients with previous stroke or transient ischemic attack: a prespecified secondary analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial and meta-analysis. Abstract only · 2026-09-29T13:32:59.613373Z
- Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late life. Context source; not counted as an included human-result report Abstract only · 2026-09-29T13:32:59.613373Z
- Positive effects of folic acid supplementation on cognitive aging are dependent on ω-3 fatty acid status: a post hoc analysis of the FACIT trial. Context source; not counted as an included human-result report Abstract only · 2026-09-29T13:32:59.613373Z
- DHA status influences effects of B-vitamin supplementation on cognitive ageing: a post-hoc analysis of the B-proof trial. Context source; not counted as an included human-result report Abstract only · 2026-09-29T13:32:59.613373Z
Reading and assessment notes
This is an AI preliminary assessment, not expert review or formal GRADE. Read the method and common limitations.
Absence of reported harms does not establish safety. This summary does not provide individual treatment or dosing advice.
Data and assessment record
Search coverage for this case
對基線認知正常的成人，口服綜合維生素 B 群或 B6／B9／B12 組合相較安慰劑或相同背景照護，是否維持臨床認知功能或減少新發失智，並有哪些不良反應？MCI 與已確診失智症的治療結果另行判讀。
Searched：2026-09-29T13:32:59.613373Z · Databases：PubMed
550 records identified; 550 screened; 2 reports from 2 unique study populations included.
Some included reports were assessed without full text.
- 部分候選文獻未取得全文，完整偏倚風險與次要結果評讀受限。
- 系統檢索限於 PubMed；未涵蓋所有資料庫與完整引文追查。
Processing record
Evidence summary available
Sources through：2026-09-29 · Generated：2026-09-29T16:05:31.003756+00:00
Retrieved 550 records · Screened 550 · Included 2 reports · Omitted 548
Run：b-vitamins-cognition-live-20260929-v2-candidate
codex_cli / gpt-5.6-sol / problem-search-source-bound-l2+l11-v1
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