Vitamin A for Measles Mortality Children
Verdict: Published
Across 6 PubMed studies, the evidence for Vitamin A in Measles Mortality Children grades Tier A — moderate evidence.
A 🔵 A Moderate Evidence Published
Why this grade7-layer evidence engine
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Scoring transparency
All scores computed by a 7-layer evidence engine — fully auditableRaw score 0.76
D
C
B
A
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← counter-evidence / ineffectiveeffective / strong evidence →
Final grade
A · Published
Confidence
91%
Highly consistent evidence
Evidence level
E1
Cochrane high-quality SR/MA
▸View the full decision path (audit trail)
- compute_raw_score — 加權公式: L2×0.30 + L3×0.25 + L5×0.25 + L11×0.10 + L1×0.10 = 0.76
- tier_from_score — 依分數區間映射至 tier letter
- apply_hec_rules — 高品質 SR/MA 顯示 positive (2 篇 > 0 negative)
- tier_strict_requirement_check — Tier 條件達標，未降階
- detect_disputes — 偵測到 0 個 hard + 0 個 soft dispute
- decide_status — 依 tier + dispute 結果決定 status
PubMed studies (6)L2 · primary research & systematic reviews
Vitamin A for treating measles in children
Finding: No significant reduction in overall mortality when all trials pooled (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.42-1.15); only the two-dose 200,000 IU regimen in children under 2 years reduced mortality (RR 0.18, 95% CI 0.03-0.61) and pneumonia-specific mortality (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.08-0.92).
View on PubMed A randomized, controlled trial of vitamin A in children with severe measles
Finding: Vitamin A halved the risk of death or major complication (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.35-0.74), sped recovery from pneumonia (6.3 vs 12.4 days, p<0.001) and diarrhoea (p<0.001); deaths 2/92 vs 10/97 placebo (p=0.05).
View on PubMed Vitamin A supplementation and child mortality. A meta-analysis
Finding: Vitamin A was highly protective against mortality in hospitalized measles patients (DerSimonian-Laird OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.22-0.66, p=0.0004) and reduced overall community mortality (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.56-0.87, p=0.001).
View on PubMed Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age
Finding: VAS reduced all-cause mortality 12% (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83-0.93, high-certainty) and measles incidence (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.30-0.69), but showed NO significant effect on measles-specific mortality (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.69-1.11, low-certainty).
View on PubMed Vitamin A supplements for preventing mortality, illness, and blindness in children aged under 5: systematic review and meta-analysis
Finding: Preventive VAS reduced all-cause mortality 24% (rate ratio 0.76, 95% CI 0.69-0.83) and measles incidence 50% (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.37-0.67); measles-specific mortality not separately significant in this prevention population.
View on PubMed Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age
Finding: Reduced all-cause mortality 12% (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83-0.93, high-quality) and measles incidence 50% (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.37-0.67), but NO significant effect on mortality due to measles; superseded by the 2022 update (PMID 35294044) with identical conclusions.
View on PubMed Regulatory & authoritative positionsL4/L5 · FDA / EMA / NIH ODS / Cochrane / Mayo …
L4a US FDA
Supportive
Vitamin A — GRAS — 21 CFR 184.1245, 184.1930 — Technical Effect: NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT — SCOGS no. 118 source↗
L4b EU EFSA
Neutral
Vitamin A contributes to the normal function of the immune system; Vitamin A contributes to the maintenance of normal vision; Vitamin A contributes to the maintenance of normal skin; Vitamin A contributes to the maintenance of normal mucous membranes; Vitamin A has a role in the process of cell specialisation; Vitamin A contributes to normal iron metabolism. source↗
L4c UK NHS
Cautious
Do not take cod liver oil or any supplements containing vitamin A (retinol) when you're pregnant. Too much vitamin A could harm your baby. source↗
L4d TW TFDA / 衛福部
Neutral
維生素A 指示藥每日用量上限 10,000 IU（3,000 微克 RE）；換算：1 微克 RE = 1 微克 Retinol = 6 微克 β-Carotene；3 微克 RE = 10 IU。 source↗
L4e WHO
Supportive
In settings where vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem, vitamin A supplementation is recommended in infants and children 6-59 months of age as a public health intervention to reduce child morbidity and mortality (strong recommendation). source↗
L5a NIH Office of Dietary Supplements
Supportive
The most common clinical sign of vitamin A deficiency is xerophthalmia, which develops after plasma retinol has been low. The first sign is night blindness, or the inability to see in low light or darkness as a result of low rhodopsin levels in the retina. source↗
L5b Mayo Clinic
Cautious
A healthcare professional may give children vitamin A as part of treatment for measles. The dose of vitamin A depends on the child's age. Children with low levels of vitamin A who get measles are more likely to be very sick than are children with recommended levels. Vitamin A supplements do not prevent measles. Getting a measles vaccine is the most effective and safest way to prevent measles. D… source↗
L5c Cleveland Clinic
Supportive
The World Health Organization and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend vitamin A supplementation for all children with acute measles. In developing countries, it has been shown to reduce rates of morbidity and death in measles-infected children. In the United States, children with measles have been found to have low serum levels of vitamin A, with lower levels associated with more sever… source↗
L5d Harvard Health
Supportive
In people hospitalized with measles and its complications, especially children 6 months to 2 years, some doctors prescribe high doses of vitamin A. Low levels of this vitamin have been found in children with severe cases of measles. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that all children with measles who live in communities where vitamin A deficiency is common should receive vitamin A. source↗
L5e Specialty Society (condition-mapped)
Supportive
Vitamin A may be administered to infants and children in the United States with measles under the supervision of a healthcare provider as part of supportive management. Children with severe measles, such as those who are hospitalized, should be managed with vitamin A. Vitamin A does not prevent measles and is not a substitute for vaccination. source↗