Reishi for Immune Function

Verdict: Reishi: weak immune evidence, no proven benefit

Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) has only weak, low-quality human evidence for immune function. A few small trials nudge laboratory immune markers, but no study shows it actually reduces infections or improves any real-world health outcome.

C 🟠 C Weak Evidence Published

🔬Why this grade7-layer evidence engine

This claim earns a C (Weak Evidence) grade because the entire human case rests on just three moderate-quality studies, all measuring surrogate lab markers rather than whether anyone actually got sick less often. Two double-blind RCTs of reishi beta-glucan, one in healthy adults (PMID 36766186) and one in children (PMID 30317947), reported higher CD3/CD4/CD8 T-cell counts, NK activity and IgA versus placebo, but neither disclosed doses or sample sizes, and neither tracked infection rates or clinical endpoints.

The only synthesis evidence, a Cochrane systematic review (PMID 27045603, n=373), studied cancer patients rather than healthy people, so it cannot be generalized to everyday immune support. It found only modest marker shifts (CD3 up 3.91 percent, CD4 up 3.05 percent, CD8 up 2.02 percent) and explicitly judged the evidence insufficient for first-line use, with unsatisfactory methodological quality.

Regulators and clinics reinforce the caution. The US FDA has no questions only about one specific beta-glucan ingredient, not reishi's health effects, and the EU's EFSA has left botanical claims like reishi's on hold, neither authorized nor rejected. The NIH/NCI notes there are no studies of G. lucidum with measured cancer outcomes, and Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Harvard Health, the UK NHS, WHO and the CDC offer no endorsement for immune use.

⚖️

Scoring transparency

All scores computed by a 7-layer evidence engine — fully auditable
Raw score 0.60
D
C
B
A
S
← counter-evidence / ineffectiveeffective / strong evidence →
Final grade
C · Published
Confidence
83%
Highly consistent evidence
Evidence level
E1
Cochrane high-quality SR/MA

How strongly each layer supports this effect

lower = less supportive
L1 ExamineGlobal benchmark
0.50
L11 AI re-checkIndependent read
0.50
L5 Clinical bodiesAuthoritative stance
0.55
L2 PubMedPrimary literature
0.60
L3 MechanismPlausibility
0.75
Against Mixed Supports
View the full decision path (audit trail)
  1. compute_raw_score — 加權公式: L2×0.30 + L3×0.25 + L5×0.25 + L11×0.10 + L1×0.10 = 0.605
  2. tier_from_score — 依分數區間映射至 tier letter
  3. apply_hec_rules — 無高階證據可裁決
  4. tier_strict_requirement_check — | B→C 因 scope.conflation_risk=true 且 L11 獨評較低 (B7-2 tier cap)
  5. detect_disputes — 偵測到 0 個 hard + 0 個 soft dispute
  6. decide_status — 依 tier + dispute 結果決定 status

📄PubMed studies (3)L2 · primary research & systematic reviews

Evaluation of Immune Modulation by beta-1,3;1,6 D-Glucan Derived from Ganoderma lucidum in Healthy Adult Volunteers, A RCT
PMID: 36766186 2023 RCT (double-blind)
Finding: Intervention group showed significant enhancement of immune cell populations; statistically significant differences in serum IgA and NK cytotoxicity vs placebo (exact p not in abstract).
View on PubMed
RCT for Evaluation of Immune Modulation by Yogurt Enriched with beta-Glucans from Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) in Children, Medellin, Colombia
PMID: 30317947 2018 RCT (double-blind)
Finding: Children receiving beta-glucan yogurt had significantly higher absolute CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ T-cell counts vs placebo; safe and well tolerated (exact p not in abstract).
View on PubMed
Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) for cancer treatment (Cochrane Systematic Review)
PMID: 27045603 2016 系統性回顧 n = 373
Finding: Adjunct G. lucidum modestly raised CD3 +3.91%, CD4 +3.05%, CD8 +2.02% and NK activity in cancer patients; evidence insufficient for first-line use, methodological quality unsatisfactory.
Academic Effect size: CD3 +3.91%, CD4 +3.05%, CD8 +2.02% (mean diff, % cells)
View on PubMed

🏛️Regulatory & authoritative positionsL4/L5 · FDA / EMA / NIH ODS / Cochrane / Mayo …

L4a US FDA
Cautious
FDA has no questions source↗
L4b EU EFSA
Not addressed
1,548 claims on 'botanicals' have been placed on hold by the Commission pending further consideration on how to proceed with these source↗
L4d TW TFDA / 衛福部
Supportive
靈芝、樟芝等真菌類屬「可供食品使用」之原料;衛福部食藥署於104年3月16日公布「真菌類食品標示管理原則」(104年7月1日施行),規定外包裝須明確標示真菌類原料之中文名稱及拉丁學名,並加註其使用部位為子實體、菌絲體或子實體加菌絲體及其培養方式。靈芝為國內實施健康食品法以來第一個被認可具保肝(護肝)效果之健康食品(雙鶴極品靈芝,衛署健食字第A00003號,核可日期2000/07/24),保健功效相關成分為靈芝多醣體、靈芝三萜類,核可保健功效為免疫調節功能、護肝功能。 source↗
L5a NIH Office of Dietary Supplements
Cautious
There are no studies of G. lucidum with measured cancer outcomes. source↗
PMID 100% verifiedevery citation checked via NCBI Entrez
🔬3 PubMed studiesindependently re-checked by multiple sub-agents
engine_version: v1.0 claim_id: CLM-COND-immune-function-INT-reishi-001 繁體中文版 →