Cordyceps for Immune Function

Verdict: Weak, disputed evidence for immune support

Cordyceps can nudge laboratory markers of immune activity, but there is no reliable human evidence that it actually strengthens immune function or reduces illness. Treat any "boosts immunity" claim as unproven.

C 🟠 C Weak Evidence Disputed

🔬Why this grade7-layer evidence engine

The grade is held to Weak (Tier C) because every supporting human study measures surrogate lab markers rather than real-world outcomes such as fewer or shorter infections. Two small, short trials in healthy adults (PMID 26284906, n=79, 4 weeks; PMID 30925876, n=79, 8 weeks) reported higher NK-cell activity and related immune signals versus placebo, but the latter was industry-funded, and neither tracked whether participants actually got sick less often.

The strongest dataset, a meta-analysis of cordyceps added to lung-cancer chemotherapy (PMID 38484953, n=928), found modest rises in NK cells, CD4 and CD8. That is an oncology-treatment setting, however, and cannot be extrapolated to everyday immune support in healthy people. A 2026 review (PMID 41432716) likewise concluded the immunomodulatory case rests mostly on cell and animal work, with few clinical trials.

The status is Disputed because authoritative bodies do not back these claims: EFSA judged the cordyceps immune claim 'not supported by pertinent human data,' and the NIH, Mayo Clinic, Harvard and CDC offer no endorsement. Cordyceps stimulates rather than calms the immune system, so people with autoimmune disease, transplants, or on immunosuppressants should be cautious.

⚖️

Scoring transparency

All scores computed by a 7-layer evidence engine — fully auditable
Raw score 0.55
D
C
B
A
S
← counter-evidence / ineffectiveeffective / strong evidence →
Final grade
C · Disputed
Confidence
59%
Conflicting evidence
Evidence level
E2
Multiple high-quality MAs (≥2 independent, consistent)

How strongly each layer supports this effect

lower = less supportive
L1 ExamineGlobal benchmark
0.50
L11 AI re-checkIndependent read
0.50
L5 Clinical bodiesAuthoritative stance
0.55
L2 PubMedPrimary literature
0.60
L3 MechanismPlausibility
0.65
Against Mixed Supports
View the full decision path (audit trail)
  1. compute_raw_score — 加權公式: L2×0.30 + L3×0.25 + L5×0.25 + L11×0.10 + L1×0.10 = 0.551
  2. tier_from_score — 依分數區間映射至 tier letter
  3. apply_hec_rules — 高品質 SR/MA 顯示 positive (1 篇 > 0 negative)
  4. tier_strict_requirement_check — | B→C 因 scope.conflation_risk=true 且 L11 獨評較低 (B7-2 tier cap)
  5. detect_disputes — 偵測到 1 個 hard + 1 個 soft dispute
  6. decide_status — 依 tier + dispute 結果決定 status

📄PubMed studies (4)L2 · primary research & systematic reviews

Adjuvant treatment with Cordyceps sinensis for lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
PMID: 38484953 2024 統合分析 n = 928
Finding: NK cells increased (MD 4.17, P=0.00); CD4 +4.98 (P=0.01); CD8 +1.60 (P=0.01); reduced myelosuppression and pneumonitis.
Effect size: NK cell MD 4.17 (95%CI 2.26-6.08); CD4 MD 4.98 (95%CI 1.49-8.47)
View on PubMed
Immunomodulatory effects of a mycelium extract of Cordyceps (Paecilomyces hepiali; CBG-CS-2): a randomized double-blind trial
PMID: 30925876 2019 RCT (double-blind) n = 79
Finding: NK cell cytotoxic activity rose 38.8 +/- 17.6% from baseline vs placebo after 8 weeks (P<0.019).
⚠️ Industry-funded Effect size: 38.8 +/- 17.6% relative NK activity increase
View on PubMed
Cordyceps militaris Enhances Cell-Mediated Immunity in Healthy Korean Men
PMID: 26284906 2015 RCT (double-blind) n = 79
Finding: C. militaris group showed greater increases in NK200 (P=0.0010), lymphocyte PI (P<=0.0001), IL-2 (P=0.0096), IFN-gamma (P=0.0126) vs placebo.
View on PubMed
An Immunomodulatory Mushroom, Cordyceps militaris, and Its Constituents: A Review of In Vitro/In Vivo Studies and Clinical Trials
PMID: 41432716 2026 系統性回顧
Finding: Review concludes C. militaris and constituents show immunomodulatory promise; bulk of evidence is in vitro/in vivo with limited clinical trials.
🟠 Limited quality
View on PubMed

🏛️Regulatory & authoritative positionsL4/L5 · FDA / EMA / NIH ODS / Cochrane / Mayo …

L4a US FDA
Cautious
L4b EU EFSA
Against
Scientific Opinion Part II on the substantiation of health claims related to various food(s)/food constituent(s) not supported by pertinent human data (ID 406, 462, 472, 543, 659, 678, 696, 858, 1381, 1403, 1437, 1438, 1513, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1543, 1613, 1627, 1855, 1860, 1981, 2126, 2514, 3127, 4038, 4501, 4672, 4712, 4718) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 source↗
L4d TW TFDA / 衛福部
Supportive
「冬蟲夏草菌絲體食品標示相關規定」(食藥署101年2月9日署授食字第1001303885號公告,103年2月9日生效):含冬蟲夏草菌絲體之產品,應於明顯易見處加註『本產品非中藥材冬蟲夏草之製品』之醒語;應明確標示菌株之中文名稱及拉丁學名;品名應完整標示為『冬蟲夏草菌絲體』七個字,不得僅標示『冬蟲夏草』,且七個字字體大小一致;使用之菌株須為中華被毛孢(Hirsutella sinensis),或分離自冬蟲夏草之蟲草相關菌株。違規涉違反食安法第22條,依第47條處3萬至300萬元罰鍰。衛福部另說明:『目前核准3款含蟲草相關成分的健康食品』,『所核准的保健功效分別為抗疲勞、護肝及調節免疫』,3件產品皆經科學化安全及保健功效評估試驗。 source↗
L5c Cleveland Clinic
Neutral
cordyceps may even be a good candidate for cancer immunotherapy source↗
PMID 100% verifiedevery citation checked via NCBI Entrez
🔬4 PubMed studiesindependently re-checked by multiple sub-agents
engine_version: v1.0 claim_id: CLM-COND-immune-function-INT-cordyceps-001 繁體中文版 →