Lutein for Cataract
Verdict: Counter-Evidence
Across 3 PubMed studies, the evidence for Lutein in Cataract grades Tier D — counter-evidence. High-quality evidence indicates it is not effective (or is harmful) for this use.
D 🔴 D Counter-Evidence Counter-Evidence
Why this grade7-layer evidence engine
⚖️
Scoring transparency
All scores computed by a 7-layer evidence engine — fully auditableRaw score 0.41
D
C
B
A
S
← counter-evidence / ineffectiveeffective / strong evidence →
Final grade
D · Counter-Evidence
Confidence
77%
Broadly consistent
Evidence level
E5
Single large RCT (n≥500)
▸View the full decision path (audit trail)
- compute_raw_score — 加權公式: L2×0.30 + L3×0.25 + L5×0.25 + L11×0.10 + L1×0.10 = 0.406
- tier_from_score — 依分數區間映射至 tier letter
- apply_hec_rules — 無高階證據可裁決
- tier_strict_requirement_check — Tier 條件達標，未降階
- detect_disputes — 偵測到 0 個 hard + 0 個 soft dispute
- decide_status — 依 tier + dispute 結果決定 status
PubMed studies (3)L2 · primary research & systematic reviews
Lutein/zeaxanthin for the treatment of age-related cataract: AREDS2 randomized trial report no. 4
Finding: 整體而言補充葉黃素/玉米黃素對白內障手術率無統計顯著影響；但在膳食攝取最低五分位的次族群觀察到風險下降
View on PubMed A dose-response meta-analysis of dietary lutein and zeaxanthin intake in relation to risk of age-related cataract
Finding: 膳食葉黃素/玉米黃素攝取較高與核性白內障風險下降顯著相關，呈劑量反應關係；皮質性與後囊下白內障無顯著關聯
View on PubMed Lutein, but not alpha-tocopherol, supplementation improves visual function in patients with age-related cataracts: a 2-y double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study
Finding: 葉黃素組視覺表現改善，安慰劑組視力呈下降趨勢；惟樣本數極小屬先導性質
View on PubMed Regulatory & authoritative positionsL4/L5 · FDA / EMA / NIH ODS / Cochrane / Mayo …
L4a US FDA
Supportive
FDA has no questions; some uses may require a color additive listing source↗
L4b EU EFSA
Against
L4c UK NHS
Against
Prescribers should not initiate lutein and antioxidants for any new patient, and patients currently being prescribed these products should be reviewed and treatment stopped. source↗
L4d TW TFDA / 衛福部
Neutral
膠囊錠狀食品中每日食用量標示者，每人每日葉黃素食用量不得超過30毫克；未標示每日食用量者，每300公克中葉黃素含量不得超過9毫克。 source↗
L4e WHO
Not addressed
Based on the absence of toxicity in a wide range of studies, the Committee at its 86th meeting established a group ADI 'not specified' for lutein from Tagetes erecta, lutein esters from Tagetes erecta and zeaxanthin (synthetic). The decision was based on the absence of any observed toxicity of lutein or lutein esters in toxicological studies in animals, the absence of any adverse effects in hum… source↗
L5a NIH Office of Dietary Supplements
Supportive
L5b Mayo Clinic
Cautious
L5d Harvard Health
Neutral
L5e Specialty Society (condition-mapped)
Cautious